In this essay, Fiona Cunningham describes the origins of China’s NC3 system and its primary role in supporting China’s land-based missile force. She outlines recent developments including mobility, “informatization” and automation of parts of the NC3 system, pending deployment of nuclear missile submarines, early warning systems, evolving organizational structure, and cultural factors that shape China’s NC3 system and its orientation towards negative versus positive control.
About the author: Fiona Cunningham is a CISAC Post-Doctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, at Stanford University.
This paper is accompanied by a Fourth Leg podcast: Deterred by the Uncertainties
